Renewable electricity generation is increasing, and growing electrification is changing how and when energy is used. These shifts require upgrades to the grid so it can manage new patterns of generation, demand and flexibility. Many technologies such as wind turbines, photovoltaics, batteries, nuclear and grid infrastructure, depend on complex global supply chains for critical components such as transformers, cables, semiconductors, rare earth elements, and specialist manufacturing capacity.
Geopolitical tensions, shipping disruptions, and material shortages have raised concerns that supply chains could slow deployment or increase costs. The Government’s Critical Minerals Strategy and Supply Chain Resilience Framework identify risks around import dependence, long lead times, and limited domestic manufacturing. There may be opportunities for UK industry in mining, recycling, component manufacturing, and diversification of supply.
This POSTnote would examine supply chain challenges across key energy technologies, assess their implications, and explore potential responses, including building domestic capability, international partnerships, and circular economy approaches.